Solar and lunar tides

Storyboard

The second type of tides that are recorded on land are solar tides. Its size is less than that of the moon.

>Model

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Mechanisms

Iframe

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Code
Concept

Mechanisms

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Parallel increase in acceleration generated, as opposed to

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The change in gravitational acceleration leads to a flow of water that tends to alter the height of the water column (sea depth) in order to compensate for pressure:

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Representation as ellipse

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Variations in acceleration lead to changes in water pressure around the planet, allowing water columns to differ in heights.

In particular, the deviations caused are as follows:

For the sun's case: 8.14 cm, 16.28 cm
For the moon's case: 17.9 cm, 35.6 cm

This situation can be represented as a deformation of a circle, corresponding to an ellipse.

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Sun case parameters

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In the case of the sun,



the following parameters are considered:

Mass: 1.987e+30 kg
Sun-Earth distance: 1.50e+11 m

The tidal heights can be calculated using the following relationships:

For the x-direction, with angle from the planet line - celestial object $rad$, celestial object planet distance $m$, gravitational Acceleration $m/s^2$, masa del cuerpo que genera la marea $kg$, planet radio $m$, tidal height parallel to the ecliptic $m$ and universal Gravitation Constant $m^3/kg s^2$, we have:

$h_x = \displaystyle\frac{2 G M }{ g }\displaystyle\frac{ R ^2}{ d ^3}\cos\theta $



And for the y-direction, with angle from the planet line - celestial object $rad$, celestial object planet distance $m$, gravitational Acceleration $m/s^2$, masa del cuerpo que genera la marea $kg$, planet radio $m$, tidal height perpendicular to the ecliptic $m$ and universal Gravitation Constant $m^3/kg s^2$, we obtain:

$h_y = \displaystyle\frac{ G M }{ g }\displaystyle\frac{ R ^2}{ d ^3}\sin\theta$



With the Earth's radius of 6371 km, at the point of minimum tide ($\theta = \pi/2$), we have:

$h_y = 8.14 cm$



And at the point of maximum tide ($\theta = 0$), it is:

$h_x = 16.28 cm$

Thus, the fluctuations due to the sun amount to $h_x + h_y = 24.42 cm$.

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Moon case parameters

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In the case of the Moon,



we have the following parameters:

Mass: 7.349e+22 kg
Distance Earth-Moon: 3.84e+8 m

For the x-direction, with angle from the planet line - celestial object $rad$, celestial object planet distance $m$, gravitational Acceleration $m/s^2$, masa del cuerpo que genera la marea $kg$, planet radio $m$, tidal height parallel to the ecliptic $m$ and universal Gravitation Constant $m^3/kg s^2$, we have:

$h_x = \displaystyle\frac{2 G M }{ g }\displaystyle\frac{ R ^2}{ d ^3}\cos\theta $



And for the y-direction, with angle from the planet line - celestial object $rad$, celestial object planet distance $m$, gravitational Acceleration $m/s^2$, masa del cuerpo que genera la marea $kg$, planet radio $m$, tidal height perpendicular to the ecliptic $m$ and universal Gravitation Constant $m^3/kg s^2$, we have:

$h_y = \displaystyle\frac{ G M }{ g }\displaystyle\frac{ R ^2}{ d ^3}\sin\theta$



With the Earth's radius of 6371 km, at the point of lowest tide ($\theta = \pi/2$), we obtain:

$h_y = 17.9 cm$



And at the point of highest tide ($\theta = 0$), we have:

$h_x = 35.6 cm$

So, the fluctuations due to the Moon amount to $h_x + h_y = 53.5 cm$.

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Model

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Parameters

Symbol
Text
Variable
Value
Units
Calculate
MKS Value
MKS Units
$\Delta a_{cx}$
Da_cx
Acceleration variation parallel to the ecliptic, in conyunction
m/s^2
$\Delta a_{ox}$
Da_ox
Acceleration variation parallel to the ecliptic, in oposition
m/s^2
$\Delta a_{cy}$
Da_cy
Acceleration variation perpendicular to the ecliptic
m/s^2
$\theta$
theta
Angle from the planet line - celestial object
rad
$d$
d
Celestial object planet distance
m
$g$
g
Gravitational Acceleration
m/s^2
$M$
M
Masa del cuerpo que genera la marea
kg
$R$
R
Planet radio
m
$h_x$
h_x
Tidal height parallel to the ecliptic
m
$h_y$
h_y
Tidal height perpendicular to the ecliptic
m
$G$
G
Universal Gravitation Constant
m^3/kg s^2

Variables

Symbol
Text
Variable
Value
Units
Calculate
MKS Value
MKS Units

Calculations


First, select the equation: to , then, select the variable: to

Calculations

Symbol
Equation
Solved
Translated

Calculations

Symbol
Equation
Solved
Translated

Variable Given Calculate Target : Equation To be used




Equations

#
Equation

$ g h_x =\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}( \Delta a_{cx} - \Delta a_{ox} ) R $

g * h_x = ( Da_cx - Da_ox )* R / 2


$ g h_y = \Delta a_{cy} R $

g * h_y = Da_cy * R


$h_x = \displaystyle\frac{2 G M }{ g }\displaystyle\frac{ R ^2}{ d ^3}\cos\theta $

h_x = 2* G * M * R ^2* cos( theta )/( g * d ^3)


$h_y = \displaystyle\frac{ G M }{ g }\displaystyle\frac{ R ^2}{ d ^3}\sin\theta$

h_y = G * M * R ^2* sin( theta )/( g * d ^3)

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Depth relationship and acceleration variation in x

Equation

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The change in acceleration means that the water column experiences a different pressure unless the depth adjusts. To achieve a steady state, this is precisely what happens. The modification of gravitational acceleration is compensated by a change in depth corresponding to the tide:

$p_x=\rho g h_x=\rho\displaystyle\frac{1}{2} (\Delta a_{cx} - \Delta a_{ox}) R$



Therefore,

$ g h_x =\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}( \Delta a_{cx} - \Delta a_{ox} ) R $

$\Delta a_{cx}$
Acceleration variation parallel to the ecliptic, in conyunction
$m/s^2$
8575
$\Delta a_{ox}$
Acceleration variation parallel to the ecliptic, in oposition
$m/s^2$
8574
$g$
Gravitational Acceleration
9.8
$m/s^2$
5310
$R$
Planet radio
$m$
8566
$h_x$
Tidal height parallel to the ecliptic
$m$
8570

ID:(13215, 0)



Depth variation in the x direction

Equation

>Top, >Model


The change in acceleration implies that the column of water experiences a different pressure unless the depth adjusts. Achieving a steady state involves precisely this. The modification of gravitational acceleration is compensated by a change in depth corresponding to the tide:

$ g h_x =\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}( \Delta a_{cx} - \Delta a_{ox} ) R $



With the variation on the conjunction side with

$ \Delta a_{cx} = \displaystyle\frac{ G M }{ d ^2}\left(1+\displaystyle\frac{2 R \cos \theta }{ d }\right)$



and with

$ \Delta a_{ox} =\displaystyle\frac{ G M }{ d ^2}\left(1-\displaystyle\frac{2 R \cos \theta }{ d }\right)$



It follows that the surface rises with in

$h_x = \displaystyle\frac{2 G M }{ g }\displaystyle\frac{ R ^2}{ d ^3}\cos\theta $

$\theta$
Angle from the planet line - celestial object
$rad$
8569
$d$
Celestial object planet distance
$m$
8567
$g$
Gravitational Acceleration
9.8
$m/s^2$
5310
$M$
Masa del cuerpo que genera la marea
$kg$
8568
$R$
Planet radio
$m$
8566
$h_x$
Tidal height parallel to the ecliptic
$m$
8570
$G$
Universal Gravitation Constant
$m^3/kg s^2$
8564

where only the variable part of the variation was taken into account, since the term $GM/d^2$ acts on the entire system and does not create differences.

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Depth relationship and acceleration variation in y

Equation

>Top, >Model


The change in acceleration implies that the column of water experiences a different pressure unless the depth adjusts. Achieving a steady state involves precisely this. The modification of gravitational acceleration is compensated by a change in depth corresponding to the tide:

$p_y=\rho g h_y=\rho\Delta a_{cy} R$



Therefore, it follows that:

$ g h_y = \Delta a_{cy} R $

$\Delta a_{cy}$
Acceleration variation perpendicular to the ecliptic
$m/s^2$
8576
$g$
Gravitational Acceleration
9.8
$m/s^2$
5310
$R$
Planet radio
$m$
8566
$h_y$
Tidal height perpendicular to the ecliptic
$m$
8571

ID:(13216, 0)



Depth variation in the y direction

Equation

>Top, >Model


The change in acceleration means that the column of water experiences a different pressure unless the depth adjusts. To achieve a steady state, this is precisely what happens. The modification of gravitational acceleration is compensated by a change in depth corresponding to the tide:

$ g h_y = \Delta a_{cy} R $



With the variation on the side of conjunction with

$ \Delta a_{cy} = \displaystyle\frac{ G M }{ d ^2 }\displaystyle\frac{ R \sin \theta }{ d }$



As a result, the surface rises with at

$h_y = \displaystyle\frac{ G M }{ g }\displaystyle\frac{ R ^2}{ d ^3}\sin\theta$

$\theta$
Angle from the planet line - celestial object
$rad$
8569
$d$
Celestial object planet distance
$m$
8567
$g$
Gravitational Acceleration
9.8
$m/s^2$
5310
$M$
Masa del cuerpo que genera la marea
$kg$
8568
$R$
Planet radio
$m$
8566
$h_y$
Tidal height perpendicular to the ecliptic
$m$
8571
$G$
Universal Gravitation Constant
$m^3/kg s^2$
8564

ID:(11654, 0)