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Algunos de los mosquitos son el Aedes Aegypti y el Culex. El primero transmite entre otras la fiebre amarilla, chikungunya, fiebre del dengue y el virus Zika. El segundo es responsable de transmitir el virus del Nilo Occidental, la filariasis, la encefalitis japonesa, encefalitis de San Luis y la malaria aviar.

Algunos datos (Simulation Modelling of Population Dynamics of Mosquito Vectors for Rift Valley Fever Virus in a Disease Epidemic Setting Clement N. Mweya , Niels Holst, Leonard E. G. Mboera, Sharadhuli I. Kimera Plos OnePublished: September 26, 2014http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108430) son:

Parámetro | Aedes Aegypti | Culex

---------------|---------------------|---------

Longevidad [dias] | 30.0-45.8 | 25.2-36.9

Huevos por hembra y día | 25-35 | 21-69

Eclosión de Huevos | 85-95% | 75.2-89.0%

Sobrevivencia de Larvas | 90-100% | 47.8-68.5%

Proporción mosquitos hembra | 50% | 50%

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La malaria esta presente en 95 países con un total de casi 78 millones de casos confirmados (WHO). A continuación se presenta la lista de países con 0.01% o más, donde primero se lista el número de casos (WHO 2014), la población (Wikipedia, datos de 2010 a 2015) y luego la fracción de la población.

País | Casos | Población | Fración

-------|---------:|--------------:|-----------:

Afganistan | 61362 | 27657145 | 0.22%

Angola | 2298979 | 25868000 | 8.89%

Bangladesh | 10216 | 160879586 | 0.01%

Belize | 19 | 370300 | 0.01%

Benin | 1044235 | 10653654 | 9.80%

Brasil | 143415 | 206036761 | 0.07%

Bolivia | 7401 | 10985059 | 0.07%

Botswana | 1346 | 2141206 | 0.06%

Burkina Faso | 5428655 | 19034397 | 28.52%

Burundi | 4585273 | 10114505 | 45.33%

Cambodia | 25152 | 15626444 | 0.16%

Central African Republic | 295088 | 4998000 | 5.90%

Chad | 914032 | 14497000 | 6.30%

Colombia | 40768 | 48727882 | 0.08%

Congo | 66323 | 4741000 | 1.40%

Comoros | 2203 | 806153 | 0.27%

Cote d'Ivoire | 3712831 | 22671331 | 16.38%

Democratic Republic of the Congo | 9968983 | 85026000 | 11.72%

Equatorial Guinea | 20417 | 1222442 | 1.67%

Eritrea | 30768 | 5352000 | 0.57%

Etiopia | 2118815 | 92206005 | 2.30%

Ghana | 3415912 | 27670174 | 12.35%

Guatemala | 4931 | 16176133 | 0.03%

Guinea | 660207 | 12947000 | 5.10%

Guinea-Bissau | 93431 | 1547777 | 6.04%

Guyana | 12354 | 746900 | 1.65%

Haiti | 17662 | 11078033 | 0.16%

Honduras | 3380 | 8576532 | 0.04%

India | 1102205 | 1285758969 | 0.09%

Indonesia | 252027 | 258705000 | 0.10%

Kenya | 2808931 | 47251000 | 5.94%

Laos | 48071 | 6472400 | 0.74%

Liberia | 864204 | 4615000 | 18.73%

Madagascar | 365239 | 22434363 | 1.63%

Malawi | 2905310 | 16832910 | 17.26%

Malaysia | 3147 | 31381568 | 0.01%

Mali | 2039853 | 18135000 | 11.25%

Mauritania | 15835 | 3718678 | 0.43%

Mozambique | 7117648 | 26423700 | 26.94%

Myanmar | 152195 | 51419420 | 0.30%

Namibia | 15914 | 2324388 | 0.68%

Nepal | 1469 | 28431500 | 0.01%

Nicaragua | 1163 | 6262703 | 0.02%

Niger | 1953309 | 20715000 | 9.43%

Nigeria | 7926954 | 186988000 | 4.24%

Pakistan | 275149 | 193922354 | 0.14%

Panama | 874 | 3814672 | 0.02%

Papua New Guinea | 281182 | 8083700 | 3.48%

Peru | 64676 | 31488700 | 0.21%

Rwanda | 1610812 | 11553188 | 13.94%

Sao Tome and Prince | 1754 | 187356 | 0.94%

Senegal | 265624 | 14799859 | 1.79%

Sierra Leone | 1374476 | 7075641 | 19.43%

Solomon Islands | 18404 | 642000 | 2.87%

Somalia | 11001 | 11079000 | 0.10%

South Africa | 11705 | 54956900 | 0.02%

Sudan | 1068506 | 39598700 | 2.70%

Suriname | 374 | 541638 | 0.07%

Swaziland | 269 | 1132657 | 0.02%

Thailand | 37921 | 65314496 | 0.06%

Togo | 1130251 | 7143000 | 15.82%

Uganda | 3631939 | 33860700 | 10.73%

Tanzania | 680807 | 55155000 | 1.23%

Timor Leste | 342 | 1167242 | 0.03%

Vanuatu | 982 | 277500 | 0.35%

Venezuela | 90708 | 31028700 | 0.29%

Viet Nam | 15752 | 91700000 | 0.02%

Yemen | 67513 | 27478000 | 0.25%

Zambia | 4077547 | 15933883 | 25.59%

Zimbabwe | 535931 | 14240168 | 3.76%

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In the article ['Human-to-mosquito transmission effciency increases as malaria is controlled'] (http://www.gphysics.net/downloads/medicine/Churcher_et_al-2015-Nature_Communications.pdf) by Thomas S. Churcher, Jean- Francois Trape and Anna Cohuet in Nature Communications published on January 19, 2015 look at the curves seen in the image below:

We rescue that the fraction of mosquitoes V/N_V is of the order of 3% while that of the human in zones of epidemic I/N_I is of the order of 20 to 30%.

On the other hand about 30 bites per month are observed. Therefore the probability of daily bite p_b is of the order of 1 per day.

If you think about measures you can study the years in which the number of bites receded and determine the cause of this. As an example, if it were detected that in a year of drought the rate falls, it could be concluded that with drainage measures, areas prone to inhabit mosquitoes with malaria can be dried. In this case, the data of said favorable years can be taken to determine a set of data that would be given in the case of taking measures. This is how a reduction of 30 to 15 bites per month would lead to measures that the probability of being bitten p_b falls from 1 / day (30/30) to 0.5 / day (15/30).

Note: It is important to keep in mind that the p_b factor depends on the mosquito population, the human population and the circumstances that allow the mosquito to have access to the human. In other words, the value of a bite per human, mosquito and day depends on the circumstances.

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