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Biomechanical imbalance is a chronic asymmetry or imbalance between different muscle groups, body sides or movement patterns that alters the distribution of loads in the musculoskeletal system. The most common imbalances include: bilateral strength or power asymmetry >1015% between legs, quadriceps-hamstring imbalance (Q/H ratio < 0.6 increases risk of ACL), hip or knee dominance in the jumping pattern, and left-right leg stiffness asymmetry. Imbalance redistributes the joint load towards the stronger/rigid side, overstressing it. GRF asymmetry between steps indicates bilateral imbalance in running. The symmetry index (SI%) quantifies asymmetry. The Q/H imbalance is the most studied due to its relationship with the risk of ACL injury: the quadriceps generates an anterior tibial force that the ACL must resist, while the hamstrings counteract it; A low Q/H ratio indicates that the hamstrings are not sufficiently compensating for ACL loading.

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ID:(0, 479)