Gibbs Paradox

Storyboard

If one has two identical systems and joins them together it has twice the volume and twice the number of particles. In this context, the internal energy of both systems must and is equal to the sum of that of each system separately. However, if the entropy is calculated, it turns out that the sum of the added system is different from the sum of the entropies of each system separately, which does not make sense. This contradiction is the so-called Gibbs paradox and its resolution has profound implications for how nature behaves. Their solution makes it necessary to accept that the particles of the systems that are being studied are indistinguishable, that is, they do not have something that makes them distinguishable.

>Model

ID:(471, 0)



Gibbs Paradox

Definition

Si se tiene un volumen de gas V a una temperatura T su entropía sería

$ S = k_B N \left(\ln V + \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\ln k_B T + \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\ln\left(\displaystyle\frac{2 \pi m }{ h ^2}\right)+\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\right)$

\\n\\nSi ahora consideramos un volumen del doble de tamaño, o sea de 2V y de doble número de partículas o sea 2N, se tendría que tener que la entropía también se duplicaría o sea 2S ya que tanto el volumen como la entropía son variables extensibles. Sin embargo si se calcula la entropía para un volumen 2V se obtiene\\n\\n

$S=k_B2N\left(\ln 2V + \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\ln k_BT + \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\ln\left(\displaystyle\frac{2\pi m}{h^2}\right)+\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\right)$

\\n\\nlo que no es igual a el doble de la entropía. El problema esta en que\\n\\n

$2k_BN\ln V \neq k(2N)\ln(2V)$

El problema de que la entropía no resulte extensible se denomina la paradoja de Gibbs y apunta a que en el calculo de la función partición se omitió un termino.

ID:(653, 0)



Gibbs Paradox

Description

If one has two identical systems and joins them together it has twice the volume and twice the number of particles. In this context, the internal energy of both systems must and is equal to the sum of that of each system separately. However, if the entropy is calculated, it turns out that the sum of the added system is different from the sum of the entropies of each system separately, which does not make sense. This contradiction is the so-called Gibbs paradox and its resolution has profound implications for how nature behaves. Their solution makes it necessary to accept that the particles of the systems that are being studied are indistinguishable, that is, they do not have something that makes them distinguishable.

Variables

Symbol
Text
Variable
Value
Units
Calculate
MKS Value
MKS Units
$\beta$
beta
Beta
1/J
$k_B$
k_B
Constante de Boltzmann
J/K
$h$
h
Constante de Planck
J s
$E_r$
E_r
Energía del estado $r$
J
$S$
S
Entropía de un gas ideal
J/K
$Z$
Z
Función partición
-
$m$
m
Masa de la partícula
kg
$N$
N
Numero de partículas
-
$r$
r
Numero del estado $r$
J
$T$
T
Temperatura
K
$V$
V
Volumen
m^3/mol

Calculations


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Symbol
Equation
Solved
Translated

Calculations

Symbol
Equation
Solved
Translated

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Equations


Examples

Si se tiene un volumen de gas V a una temperatura T su entrop a ser a

$ S = k_B N \left(\ln V + \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\ln k_B T + \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\ln\left(\displaystyle\frac{2 \pi m }{ h ^2}\right)+\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\right)$

\\n\\nSi ahora consideramos un volumen del doble de tama o, o sea de 2V y de doble n mero de part culas o sea 2N, se tendr a que tener que la entrop a tambi n se duplicar a o sea 2S ya que tanto el volumen como la entrop a son variables extensibles. Sin embargo si se calcula la entrop a para un volumen 2V se obtiene\\n\\n

$S=k_B2N\left(\ln 2V + \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\ln k_BT + \displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\ln\left(\displaystyle\frac{2\pi m}{h^2}\right)+\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}\right)$

\\n\\nlo que no es igual a el doble de la entrop a. El problema esta en que\\n\\n

$2k_BN\ln V \neq k(2N)\ln(2V)$

El problema de que la entrop a no resulte extensible se denomina la paradoja de Gibbs y apunta a que en el calculo de la funci n partici n se omiti un termino.

(ID 653)


ID:(471, 0)