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Cycling is a mechanically powered sport where the power of pedaling is transmitted through the bicycle kinematic chain to the wheel, which interacts with the ground. The power balance is the central model: muscular power (P_pedaling) must exceed the sum of aerodynamic power ( 90% of the total at 40 km/h), gravitational power on the way up, rolling power and inertial power. The aerodynamic position of the rider is the most important modifiable factor: reducing CDA (C_D × Area) from 0.35 to 0.25 m² saves ~80 W at 45 km/h. The mechanical efficiency of pedaling (_bike 9698%) is the highest of all locomotion sports. Optimal cadence (~90100 rpm in road cyclists) minimizes neuromuscular fatigue. Lactate threshold power (FTP) is the most widely used performance indicator: it is the average maximum sustainable power for 60 min. Pedaling generates tangential forces in the pedals that are transformed into torque in the sprocket according to the transmission ratio (plate/pinion).

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ID:('ky', 495)

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ID:(0, 495)