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Dynamic balance is the ability to maintain the CM of the body within the base of support while the system is in motion. The necessary condition for static equilibrium is that the vertical projection of the CM falls within the support polygon. In motion, the Zero Moment Point (ZMP) is the point on the ground where the resulting moment of all contact forces is zero; If the ZMP falls within the base of support, the movement is stable. The inverted pendulum model captures the decline and correction dynamics of the CM. Balance correction depends on sensory feedback (vestibular, visual, proprioceptive) and neuromotor reaction time. In high-performance sports (gymnastics, surfing, skiing), dynamic balance is maintained with small-amplitude, high-frequency CM oscillations. The effective stiffness of the ankle determines the first balance response (ankle strategy).

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ID:('ky', 460)

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ID:(0, 460)