Storyboard

The athlete's interaction with the environment includes ground reaction force (GRF), aerodynamic drag, buoyancy and drag in water, and friction. The GRF is Newton's response (3rd Law) to the force that the athlete exerts on the ground; Its vertical, anteroposterior and mediolateral components are directly related to propulsion, deceleration and lateral control. In elite runners, the vertical component of GRF reaches 23 times body weight. Aerodynamic resistance (drag) is proportional to the square of the speed: it is dominant in cycling (> 90% of the drag at 40 km/h), relevant in sprinting and swimming. The friction between the shoe and the surface determines the ability to change direction and generate horizontal propulsion. In swimming, lifting on the arm and hand provides 3050% of total propulsion. The momentum (integral of the GRF over time) equals the change in momentum of the CM.

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ID:('ky', 451)

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ID:(0, 451)