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The Other Physics: the traditional
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There is a traditional participation of physicists in the development of products and production processes in the industry. These are carried out both theoretically and experimentally, seeking to understand the mechanisms and participate in their optimal application.
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The Other Physics
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The talk is done in three parts. The first summarizes the traditional way of applying physics to the needs of the industry. In a second part, it is shown how we have ventured into modeling the way in which human beings behave within society, including the issues associated with the economy. Finally, it is shown in a simplified way how these concepts are applied based on a situation such as the spread of COVID19.
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Experience
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My personal experience, which in a way authorizes me to speak about these topics, can be described in two types:
• Work as a consultant in the company Price Waterhouse (and other similar before and after) advising the operation of companies. This at the level of product design, process operation, sales molding and business strategy.
• Work as project manager at the company Hilti AG participating in the generation of basic knowledge for the development of multiple products, production processes and market participation.
While the first is support from a more general perspective, the second is the detailed implementation of projects related to these issues.
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Example of work outside the academy
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One of the best-known examples of physicists outside of academia is the Manhattan project in which the first atomic bomb was developed. The world sees the project today as a great success unlike the physicists who participated in it. Many were of German origin but as Jews they emigrated to the United States to avoid persecution. The priority for them was to prevent Heisenberg, who was leading the German project, from succeeding and the United States from being attacked by Hitler.
However, the bomb ended after Germany had surrendered so the American government decided to drop the bomb on Japan. It was thrown at a time when it was already known that Japan had lost the war and it was argued that it was to reduce the loss of American lives in the invasion of the island.
Today there are voices that the real cause was to prevent Russia from entering the war with Japan and that there was another separation in Western and Eastern Japan as it was already brewing in Germany.
For physicists and Robert Oppenheimer, the scientific manager of the project, the problem was moral. Two bombs were dropped on two cities killing between 110 and 210 thousand civilians (and only about 20 thousand military) not to stop Nazism and on a country that had technically already lost the war.
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The trick that gave rise to Hilti AG
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Hilti AG is a company that is present today in 120 countries and has 30 thousand employees worldwide, founded in 1941 by Martin Hilti based on a very simple idea that allowed it to ensure exclusivity for many years via a patent. The product is the nail gun. The image shows a nail, a hammer that pushes it and the cartridge with gunpowder. To speed up work, the elements are also available in multi-shot versions with multiple nails and multiple cartridges.
The key to Hilti's patent was that he managed to avoid the danger of the gun being used as a weapon. To do this, introduces a hammer that allows the bald head to be shot at low speed without reducing the energy necessary to penetrate the object to be nailed. Because the hammer achieves this is a physical principle that is explained in the next sheet.
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The physics of the trick
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The key to driving the nail is the energy that it finally has. Since this is initially kinetic energy\\n\\n
$E=\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}mv^2$
,
with
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Possibility of using gas
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One of the projects we worked on was to create an industrial hook (instead of nailer) using gas cartridges instead of cartridges or gas via hoses. The solution was found after we were offered a patent where the inventor had introduced a fan into the combustion chamber. The problem of the invention was the operation of the fan due to the problems of residues and airtightness of the chamber. But it was interesting that someone had managed to use gas since, in our opinion, it was not feasible. The problem is that when the gas burns, a flame front forms where the gas is burning. Said front advances at a speed with\\n\\n
$s^o_L=\displaystyle\sqrt{\alpha\dot{\omega}\left(\displaystyle\frac{T_b-T_i}{T_i-T_u}\right)}$
where
Note: This is the reason why a window is opened when there is a gas leak, not only to ventilate, but above all to avoid further damage due to increased pressure if incinerated. As the flame front is slow, the air is displaced through the window to the outside, never generating a high pressure, which is the mechanism with which the damage is generated.
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Solution destroying the flame front
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The trick of the fan is that the blades break the flame front generating multiple mini fronts distributed throughout the combustion chamber. This leads to an extraordinary acceleration of the rate of gas combustion.
Once the mechanism is understood, alternatives can be analyzed to take advantage of the mechanism. In this case it was concluded that it was more efficient and less difficult to maintain the introduction of gas jets that generate turbulences that have a similar effect.
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Need to cover the nails with zinc
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To prevent the nails from rusting, they are coated with zinc. Oxidation is a process in which two electrons are released by iron atoms that react with oxygen and form iron oxide, which is the well-known reddish oxide. The zinc coating in the first place prevents the iron from having contact with the water. Secondly, in the event that the coverage is fragmented, it is the zinc that reacts, preventing the iron from giving protection while there is zinc on the surface.
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Covered by falling through zinc dust
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An elegant way to cover the nail is to let it fall at the end of the manufacturing process, in which it is at a high temperature, due to a zinc powder in suspension. In this way, the zinc granites will melt on the surface and, if the surface tension is adequate, will tend to distribute on the surface.
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Study of logistics chains
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Another area of work is logistics chains. For this, the processes are studied including
• production frequency and volume
• frequency and volume of component need
• transfer times and necessary warehouse capacity, including means
• needs including needs and transfer restrictions
With this, simulation models are established in which the flow and fluctuations of this can be studied. Furthermore, alternatives can be studied.
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Example of a logistics chain optimization
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One of the radical examples is a technique that Walmart introduced in the United States which is the so-called 'Crossdocking'. Under this concept, it is about eliminating warehouses and all associated logistics, managing to coordinate the arrival with the use of resources, which is called 'just in time' or just in time. Under this concept, for example, a purchase arrives and this is immediately distributed in the correct fractions to trucks that go to the destinations where they are used:
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