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Chemical interventions modify the chemical balance of the oral environment to prevent or reverse abnormalities. The main ones are: fluoridation (application of fluoride in varnishes, gels, mouthwashes or fluoridated water to incorporate FAP into the enamel and increase resistance to demineralization), remineralization with caseinfosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP or novamin) to increase salivary DS and promote remineralization, tooth whitening with hydrogen peroxide (HO) or carbamide that diffuses through enamel and oxidizes dentin chromophores, and the use of chlorhexidine (CHX) as an antibiofilm to reduce the burden of S. mutans. Fluoride acts by reducing the Ksp of enamel by replacing OH with F in PAH. The remineralization kinetics follow Christoffersen's law in the opposite direction to demineralization. The diffusion of HO through enamel follows Fick's 2nd Law; Its whitening effectiveness depends on the effective concentration that reaches the dentin and the contact time.

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ID:('ky', 279)

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ID:(0, 279)