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Structural diagnosis evaluates the physical integrity of the dental and supporting tissues (enamel, dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone). The main methods are periapical and panoramic radiography (which reveals alveolar bone loss, the depth of caries lesions, and the condition of root apices), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT, which allows three-dimensional evaluation of bone), fiber optic transillumination (FOTI, which detects carious lesions by differences in light transmission), and laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent, which measures the fluorescence of demineralized tissue). The radiopacity of a tissue is proportional to its density and effective atomic number. Alveolar bone loss is measured in mm from the CEJ to the bone crest. Vickers microhardness quantitatively determines the degree of enamel demineralization. Measured variables: radiopacity, bone mineral density, pocket depth, carious lesion depth, enamel microhardness. Determined values: degree of bone loss, ICDAS/BEWE stage, structural safety factor.

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ID:('ky', 272)

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ID:(0, 272)