D10 Diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Title

TMS induces a focal electric field in the cortex through electromagnetic induction, non-invasively activating cortical neuronal populations (direct extension of E2 membrane excitability). The motor threshold, defined as the minimum stimulation intensity that consistently evokes a motor evoked potential (MEP) in a target muscle, is the basic measure of corticospinal excitability, and its amplitude grows sigmoid with pulse intensity; The MEP recorded in the muscle is formally analogous to the CMAP defined in D5. The cortical silent period and paired stimulation protocols (short-interval intracortical inhibition) evaluate short-term inhibitory and plasticity mechanisms, respectively extending the synaptic integration of E06 and the short-term facilitation/depression of E7. By combining TMS with simultaneous EEG (TMS-EEG), it is possible to evaluate the excitability and information integration capacity of the cortex using the cortical evoked potential and the perturbational complexity index (PCI), a direct extension of the Phi integration measure defined in the levels of consciousness model (M1).

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