A6 TBI / diffuse axonal injury

Title

Traumatic brain injury with diffuse axonal injury originates from mechanical acceleration-deceleration forces that deform the nervous tissue beyond its elastic capacity. The probability of axonal injury depends on both the magnitude of the strain and its rate of change, following a double threshold model. Mechanical deformation activates mechanosensitive ion channels, generating an abnormal entry of intracellular Ca2+ (in the same formalism as A05) that activates calcium-dependent proteases (calpains), degrading the axonal cytoskeleton and blocking axonal transport, which gives rise to the protein accumulation characteristic of retraction bulbs. At a macroscopic level, the resulting secondary cerebral edema raises intracranial pressure according to the Monro-Kellie volume-pressure relationship, a mechanism that will be taken up in the brain tumor model (A14).

ID:4288