A5 Ischemic stroke (penumbra, excitotoxic cascade)

Title

Ischemic stroke originates in a regional drop in cerebral blood flow (direct extension of f_in in E11), which compromises the production of ATP (energy balance of E12) and thus the functioning of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump (originally defined in E01). Energy failure triggers excessive release of extracellular glutamate and sustained activation of NMDA receptors (extension of E10 kinetics), causing a massive influx of intracellular Ca2+ (excitotoxicity) that compromises cell viability. Depending on the severity of the flow drop, an irrecoverable ischemic core is distinguished from a potentially salvageable penumbral zone if perfusion is restored in time; Without intervention, the penumbra is progressively recruited towards the nucleus, increasing the final volume of the infarct.

ID:4287