S6 Swimming

Title

Swimming is mode M9 (modes in fluids) at its most complex: the swimmer must generate propulsion through the water while minimizing hydrodynamic resistance. Propulsion is generated mainly by the stroke: the hand and forearm act as a paddle that applies force to the water (action) and receives the propulsive reaction (Newton's 3rd Law). The propulsive force has lift and drag components on the hand, with the quasi-static model being the most used in swimming biomechanics. Active drag (frontal body position drag) is 24 times greater than passive drag (static body) in the styles with the highest disturbance. Propulsion efficiency ( 310%) is the lowest of all sports, which explains the enormous metabolic cost per meter swum. Surface wave drag limits maximum speed to less than 2.5 m/s for most stylists, regardless of the power applied.

ID:2364