S5 Gymnastics

Title

Artistic and rhythmic gymnastics is the sport where the control of the body as a mechanical system reaches its greatest complexity. The flight elements (somersaults, pirouettes) require precise control of the angular momentum L generated on the ground or the apparatus and its distribution between the translation and rotation of the CM. The number of turns (n) possible in the flight depends on the flight time t_v and the angular velocity = L/I (which is maximized by collecting the segments to reduce I). Landing requires rapid restructuring of the body to absorb the impact with minimal joint valgus moment. The bars, rings and parallel bars are systems of external levers: the athlete applies forces to the device and receives reactions that generate angular momentum. The trampoline acts as an elastic energy accumulator that amplifies the jumping height up to 810 m. Dynamic balance (M8) on balance beam requires continuous corrections of the CM with an accuracy of ±5 mm laterally.

ID:2363