S3 Ball Sports Soccer

Title

Soccer integrates running (M2/M3), changes of direction (M7), jumping (M4) and hitting (M5) on all physical elements (E1E8). Hitting the ball is the technical gesture with the highest distal speed: the foot can reach 2025 m/s before impact, generating ball speeds of 2535 m/s in powerful kicks. The physics of the foot-ball impact follows the collision model with coefficient of restitution (COR 0.50.8). The Magnus effect explains the curved trajectory of the ball in flight when it has spin: the rotation generates a difference in aerodynamic pressure that deflects the trajectory. The aerodynamic drag of the soccer ball depends on the Reynolds number, with an abrupt transition at Re 10 (drag crisis). The variation in conditions (surface, altitude, temperature, humidity) affects the density of the air and therefore the aerodynamics of the ball. Frequent changes of direction (COD) at high speed are the main risk factor for ACL injury in soccer.

ID:2361