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In sports in fluid media (swimming, cycling, rowing, water skiing), hydrodynamic or aerodynamic resistance is the limiting factor of performance. In swimming, active resistance (drag) is proportional to the square of speed and varies strongly with body position (hydrodynamic shape) and technique. Propulsion is generated by the reaction of the fluid on the arms and legs (Newton's 3rd Law); The hand acts as a paddle with a lift and drag effect. In cycling, at 40 km/h 90% of the power is used to overcome aerodynamic drag. The Reynolds number (Re) determines the flow regime around the body: in swimming Re ~ 1010 (turbulent-transient). Buoyancy (Archimedes' principle) affects the position of the body in the water and the work to stay afloat. Swimming efficiency is defined as the ratio between the useful propulsive power and the total mechanical power generated.

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ID:('ky', 461)

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ID:(0, 461)