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Soil Water Movement
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Infiltration: Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil surface from precipitation or irrigation. It depends on soil properties such as texture, structure, and compaction.
Percolation: Percolation refers to the downward movement of water through the soil profile, driven by gravity. It transports water to deeper soil layers and can contribute to groundwater recharge.
Capillary Rise: Capillary rise is the movement of water upward through soil due to capillary forces. This phenomenon can be significant in fine-textured soils with small pores.
Water Flow in Soil: Understanding how water flows laterally through the soil is essential for managing irrigation and drainage systems.
Factors Affecting Soil Water Movement:
Soil Texture: Soil texture (sand, silt, clay) strongly influences water movement. Sandy soils have larger particles and drain quickly but hold less water, while clayey soils retain more water but can be slow to drain.
Soil Structure: Soil structure affects pore spaces and, consequently, water movement. Well-structured soils tend to have better water-holding capacity and drainage.
Soil Compaction: Compacted soils have reduced porosity and may hinder water movement and root growth.
Climate and Precipitation: Climate, including rainfall patterns, evaporation rates, and temperature, influences soil water dynamics.
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